Fabrication of polymeric nanocomposite forward osmosis membranes for water desalination—A review

Osmosis has started discovering technical application in the developing membrane technologies like Forward Osmosis and Pressure-Retarded Osmosis. It is the natural motion of solvent through a semi-permeable membrane caused by a highly concentrated solute gradient. Such technologies use thin-film membranes supported by porous layers and scalable membrane materials which open the door to new generation membrane developments. Membrane fabrication...