Erythrocyte-Membrane-Enveloped Biomineralized Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles Enable Intravenous Glucose-Responsive Insulin Delivery

A “closed-loop” insulin delivery system that can mimic the dynamic and glucose-responsive insulin secretion as islet β-cells is desirable for the therapy of type 1 and advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM). Herein, we introduced a kind of “core–shell”-structured glucose-responsive nanoplatform to achieve intravenous “smart” insulin delivery. A finely controlled one-pot biomimetic mineralization method was utilized to coencapsulate...