3D multi-stable structures with surface wrinkling patterns

This paper demonstrates how two-dimensional (2D) planar films transform into three-dimensional (3D) multi-stable structures with 3D surface wrinkling patterns by means of magnetron sputtering. The wrinkling patterns on metal films deposited on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastic substrates is studied. Surface wrinkling of the Al film results from compressive thermal stresses. The effects of film thickness on the wrinkling patterns regularities...