Gynaecomastia: when and why to refer to specialist care

Gynaecomastia is the commonest male breast complaint. Most cases are benign but the condition may signify a serious underlying illness. The challenge in primary care is to identify which patients with gynaecomastia are at greatest risk of pathological aetiology, so that they may be offered prompt specialty-appropriate referral and treatment. This article offers guidance on the assessment and management of patients with gynaecomastia, including...