Preparation of an avocado seed hydrochar and its application as heavy metal adsorbent: Properties and advanced statistical physics modeling

The preparation, characterization and adsorption properties of an avocado seed hydrochar for heavy metal removal are reported in this paper. Equilibrium adsorption of Ni2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions on this hydrochar was experimentally quantified at pH 5 and 298–313 K and results were used to interpret the role of surface functionalities via statistical physics calculations. A heterogeneous monolayer model that assumed the presence of both phenolic and...