Physics

Fetus

Placenta

Placenta accreta

Hysterectomy

Obstetric anesthesia

Incidence (geometry)

Biology

Optics

Obstetrics

Surgery

Intensive care medicine

Pregnancy

Cesarean delivery

Maternal morbidity

Genetics

Medicine

International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a leading contributor to major obstetric hemorrhage and severe maternal morbidity in the developed world.1 In the United States (US), PAS has become the most common cause of peripartum hysterectomy.2 While in the 1950s the incidence was 0.03 per 1000 pregnancies,3 based on recent epidemiological data the incidence is between 0.79 and 3.11 per 1000 pregnancies.4 This review of PAS provides up-to-date information for obstetric anesthesiologists on the nomenclature, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis and peri-operative management of patients with PAS.

Placenta accreta spectrum disorder: updates on anesthetic and surgical management strategies