A comprehensive evaluation protocol for sulfur fumigation of ginseng using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and multivariate statistical analysis

Ginseng (Panax ginseng), a tonic and functional food in Asia and among the ten top-selling herbal remedies worldwide, is often sulfur-fumigated (SF) during post-harvest handling. In this study, a practical protocol was developed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) and multivariate statistical analysis to identify characteristic SF markers, dissect chemical...