Pathology

Neuroscience

Mesenchymal stem cell

Disease

Bioinformatics

Biology

Regenerative medicine

Homing (biology)

Neural stem cell

Ecology

Immunology

Spinal cord injury

Stem cell

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis

Spinal cord

Genetics

Medicine

Advanced Science

Neurological disorders are becoming a growing burden as society ages, and there is a compelling need to address this spiraling problem. Stem cell‐based regenerative medicine is becoming an increasingly attractive approach to designing therapies for such disorders. The unique characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them among the most sought after cell sources. Researchers have extensively studied the modulatory properties of MSCs and their engineering, labeling, and delivery methods to the brain. The first part of this review provides an overview of studies on the application of MSCs to various neurological diseases, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other less frequently studied clinical entities. In the second part, stem cell delivery to the brain is focused. This fundamental but still understudied problem needs to be overcome to apply stem cells to brain diseases successfully. Here the value of cell engineering is also emphasized to facilitate MSC diapedesis, migration, and homing to brain areas affected by the disease to implement precision medicine paradigms into stem cell‐based therapies.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Neurological Disorders