Pathology

Receptor

Disease

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Infectious disease (medical specialty)

Monoclonal antibody

Biology

Neutralization

Antibody

Virology

Immunology

Betacoronavirus

Coronavirus

Spike Protein

Neutralizing antibody

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Genetics

Medicine

Cell

Highlights•Reduced B.1.351 neutralization by mAbs and sera induced by early SARS-CoV-2 isolates•B.1.351 neutralization titer reduced 8- to 9-fold for Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccinees•E484K, K417N, and N501Y cause widespread escape from mAbs•NTD deletion in B.1.351 abrogates neutralization by a potent neutralizing human mAbSummaryThe race to produce vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began when the first sequence was published, and this forms the basis for vaccines currently deployed globally. Independent lineages of SARS-CoV-2 have recently been reported: UK, B.1.1.7; South Africa, B.1.351; and Brazil, P.1. These variants have multiple changes in the immunodominant spike protein that facilitates viral cell entry via the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor. Mutations in the receptor recognition site on the spike are of great concern for their potential for immune escape. Here, we describe a structure-function analysis of B.1.351 using a large cohort of convalescent and vaccinee serum samples. The receptor-binding domain mutations provide tighter ACE2 binding and widespread escape from monoclonal antibody neutralization largely driven by E484K, although K417N and N501Y act together against some important antibody classes. In a number of cases, it would appear that convalescent and some vaccine serum offers limited protection against this variant.Graphical abstract

Evidence of escape of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.351 from natural and vaccine-induced sera