Pull-Out Capacity of GFRP Connectors in the Edge Area of Precast Concrete Sandwich Walls

<p>Precast concrete sandwich panels are used to fulfil the rising thermal requirements. The sandwich walls consist of three layers, a facing, a thermal insulation layer and a load-bearing layer. The two outer layers are coupled by connectors made of glass-fibre reinforced polymer. The connectors are loaded primarily in tension. Their failure mode under short-term tensile load is a combination of a concrete breakout and bond failure modes....