Individualized gamification elements: The impact of avatar and feedback design on reuse intention

Gamification is often equipped with the promise to increase motivation and performance. However, research explaining which gamification design elements are effective and the mechanisms through which these effects can be explained is still at an early stage. By drawing on the three psychological needs – competence, autonomy, and social relatedness – proposed by self-determination theory, we develop a model to explain the effects of feedback and...