Estimation of continuous valence and arousal levels from faces in naturalistic conditions

Facial affect analysis aims to create new types of human–computer interactions by enabling computers to better understand a person’s emotional state in order to provide ad hoc help and interactions. Since discrete emotional classes (such as anger, happiness, sadness and so on) are not representative of the full spectrum of emotions displayed by humans on a daily basis, psychologists typically rely on dimensional measures, namely valence (how...