Marketing

Nomological network

Coronavirus

Context (archaeology)

Scale (ratio)

Social psychology

Cartography

Tourism

Archaeology

Psychiatry

Developmental psychology

Anxiety

Psychometrics

Face validity

Business

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Xenophobia

Psychology

Geography

Immigration

Infectious disease (medical specialty)

Sociology

Medicine

Pandemic

Disease

Pathology

Tourism Management

Pandemics are affecting tourism in many ways. Being a niche research field before, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic created a strong urgency to develop this topic. For researching pandemic-induced changes in tourist beliefs and travel behaviour, we developed a construct that measures the intra-personal anxiety of travellers (and non-travellers): the Pandemic (COVID-19) Anxiety Travel Scale (PATS), using two large online studies (N = 2180; N = 2062) and including two different cultural contexts (US and Denmark). In Study 1, explorative and confirmative factors analysis confirms a short and easy-to-use 5-item solution, while the presented model adds face validity. Study 2 confirmed the structure (reliability) and tested nomological validity, by putting PATS into the context of different constructs (xenophobia and prevention focus). Although the proposed scale arose from the coronavirus (COVID-19), it is not limited to this specific pandemic and will hopefully prove to be a valuable measurement tool for future pandemics as well.

Too afraid to Travel? Development of a Pandemic (COVID-19) Anxiety Travel Scale (PATS)