Tunable oxygen defect density and location for enhancement of energy storage

Defect engineering is in the limelight for the fabrication of electrochemical energy storage devices. However, determining the influence of the defect density and location on the electrochemical behavior remains challenging. Herein, self-organized TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTAs) are synthesized by anodization, and their oxygen defect location and density are tuned by a controllable post-annealing process. TNTAs annealed at 600 °C in N2 exhibit the...