Albuminuria and retinal vessel density in diabetes without diabetic retinopathy: the Kailuan Eye Study

Diabetic retinopathy and chronic kidney disease are both major complications of diabetes mellitus. We explored the relationship between retinal vessel density (VD) and albuminuria in diabetic patients without conventionally defined diabetic retinopathy.The cross-sectional community-based Kailuan Diabetic Retinopathy Study included patients with type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy who participated in the community-based longitudinal...