Heterogeneous fleet recyclables collection routing optimization in a two-echelon collaborative reverse logistics network from circular economic and environmental perspective

In recent years, production and consumption activities carried out in accordance with the “take-make-dispose” process have caused environmental damage and resource waste. Reverse logistics based on the concept of “sustainable development and circular economy” has gained public attention, including the recycling and reuse of recyclable wastes. In order to explore the impact of recyclable wastes transportation on cost, environment and resources,...