Characteristics of the hierarchical porous TiO2 layer synthesized on Ti via plasma electrolytic oxidation: Role of the applied voltage

A tailored porous ceramic layer of TiO2 was in-situ synthesized through Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) process, using phosphate-based electrolyte at different applied voltages. The set-up was regulated to carry the process in low (430 V), medium (470 V), and high (510 V) voltages. The effects of applied voltage on the phase arrangement, microstructural, and morphological characteristics of the ceramic layer were then studied using X-ray...