Bacteria incorporated with calcium lactate pentahydrate to improve the mortar properties and self-healing occurrence

Concrete can be harmful to the environment due to its high energy consumption and CO 2 emission and also has a potential crack formation, which can promote a drop in its strength. Therefore, concrete is considered as a non-sustainable material. The mechanisms by which bacterial oxidation of organic carbon can precipitate calcite that may fill the voids and cracks on cement-based materials have been extensively investigated to prevent and heal...