Customized dental implants: Manufacturing processes, topography, osseointegration and future perspectives of 3D fabricated implants

Surface treatments are decisive in the quality/speed of osseointegration and biointeraction in pure Titanium, Titanium alloys, and Zirconia-based implants. Nowadays, many technologies are available to accelerate this interaction, however, most are in the initial research stage, and their translation to implant printing techniques is complex. In this review article, the most applied methodologies for surface treatments with rapid osseointegration...