Stepwise DE/FE combined approach for estimating effective thermal conductivity of frozen spherical particulate media

A stepwise discrete element-finite element (DE/FE) combined numerical framework was proposed for efficiently estimating the effective thermal conductivity of spherical particulate media, which considers the thermal interaction of particle-to-particle and particle-to-pore filling material. The particulate composition was numerically modeled by the discrete element method (DEM), which was followed by a series of heat-transfer analyses formulated...