Distinct-Element Method Simulations of Rock-Socketed Piles: Estimation of Side Shear Resistance Considering Socket Roughness

Rock-socketed piles are foundational elements designed to transmit large concentrated loads to stronger materials located at greater depths. The rock-socket side shear resistance is commonly estimated using empirical criteria as a percentage of the rock or concrete uniaxial compressive strength. However, this approach neglects the influence of other important aspects, such as the roughness of the pile-socket interface. In this work, numerical...