Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and HFpEF-Related Outcomes

This study analyzed changes in depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) who were enrolled in the TOPCAT (Aldosterone Antagonist Therapy for Adults With Heart Failure and Preserved Systolic Function) trial. There are limited longitudinal data for depressive symptoms in patients with HFpEF. In patients enrolled in the United States and Canada (n = 1,431), depressive symptoms were measured using...