Inequality

Philosophy

Ecology

Biology

Gender studies

Racism

Distribution (mathematics)

Environmental planning

Environmental ethics

Mathematics

Geography

Political science

Sociology

Mathematical analysis

Welfare

Science

Imprints of racism Cities create challenging environments for many nonhuman species, and the presence of nonhumans in cities influences the health and well-being of the humans with which they share the environment. Distinct urban conditions are created by landscape modification, but the history of this transformation is not equal across urban environments. Schell et al. review how systematic racist practices such as residential segregation, enacted in part through redlining, have led to an unequal distribution of “nature” within cities. These inequities continue to play out in both the ecological processes of cities and the welfare of their residents. Science , this issue p. eaay4497

The ecological and evolutionary consequences of systemic racism in urban environments