Osseointegration

Engineering

Materials science

Dental Abutments

Surgery

Implant failure

Civil engineering

Dentistry

Dental implant

Implant

Abutment

Orthodontics

Medicine

Materials Today Proceedings

The dental implant success depends on various factors but one of the essential factors is the complete osseointegration between the bone and the implant. Incomplete or weak osseointegration may cause the implant to be mobile (micro-mobility) due to peri-implant bone loss or it may get lost. A peri-implant bone loss of greater than 1 mm in the first year and greater than 0.2 mm a year after is a failure of the dental implant. The main aim of this article is to review the various factors which predominantly affect bone loss in dental implants followed by the extent to which they contribute towards success rate of implantation. These factors have been experimentally proven to affect the rate of osseointegration and the stress distribution at the bone-implant interface. Based on available literature, it was found that the following factors were mainly responsible for bone loss: Mechanical overloading, implant- abutment connection design, implant geometry, implant position, bone density, surface finish material of the implant, and micro gap. Since bone loss is the result of various combinations of factors further research utilizing proper control of factors is necessary to draw more clear conclusions.

A review article on factors affecting bone loss in dental implants