A Fissile Ripple Spreading Algorithm to Solve Time-Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem via Coevolutionary Path Optimization

The time-dependent vehicle routing problems have lately received great attention for logistics companies due to their crucial roles in reducing the time and economic costs, as well as fuel consumption and carbon emissions. However, the dynamic routing environment and traffic congestions have made it challenging to make the actual travelling trajectory optimal during the delivery process. To overcome this challenge, this study proposed an...