Organizational commitment

Impression formation

Philosophy

Attribution

Social perception

Neuroscience

Biology

Social psychology

Hypocrisy

Organizational citizenship behavior

Paleontology

Impression management

Test (biology)

Humility

Psychology

Environmental ethics

Altruism (biology)

Political science

Perception

The Leadership Quarterly

Challenging the prevailing consensus that leader humility is uniformly beneficial we investigate circumstances where leader humility behaviors are positively perceived and yet negatively received due to attributions of impression management. Arising from potential inconsistencies in perceptions and attributions, we argue that followers may evaluate leader humility behavioral displays as either genuine or hypocritical. We conducted two studies, in different contexts, to test followers' reactions to leader humility displays. In Study 1 (Confucian Asian cluster), we used a survey methodology to test our theoretical model. Due to the validity problems with our instrumental variables, we were unable to draw conclusions from the results of study 1. In Study 2 (Anglo cluster), we used a scenario-based experimental design. While the hypothesized mediating effect via perceptions of leader hypocrisy was not supported by the results, we found support for the hypothesis that the interaction of leader humility and impression management positively influenced hypocrisy.

Seeing is not believing: Leader humility, hypocrisy, and their impact on followers' behaviors