Examining the Fairness of Language Test Across Gender with IRT-based Differential Item and Test Functioning Methods

Test fairness is an important indicator of the validity of test results. The fairness and equity require ensuring that the background characteristics of test-takers, such as ethnicity and gender, do not affect their test scores. Differential item functioning (DIF) methods are commonly used to detect potentially biased items that lead to the unfair assessment of the performance of test-takers with the same ability levels coming from the different...