Volumetric behaviour of clays under freeze–thaw cycles in a mesoscopically uniform element

The volume change behaviour of fine-grained soils under repeated freeze–thaw cycles was investigated in context of artificial ground freezing, in which relatively quick freezing is achieved under confinement. Laboratory cyclic freeze–thaw tests with large freezing rates were performed on two clays in two different laboratory set-ups, either with isotropic pressure or with one-dimensional configuration. After freeze–thaw cycles, soils appear to...