Theory-based Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with large eddy simulation capability for separated turbulent flow simulations

The prediction and investigation of very high Reynolds number turbulent wall flows pose a significant challenge: experimental studies and large eddy simulation (LES) are often inapplicable to these flows, and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) methods often fail to characterize the essential flow characteristics, in particular, for separated flows. These facts explain the need for the development of hybrid RANS-LES methods. The predominant...