Recent advances in photonanomedicines for enhanced cancer photodynamic therapy

Nowadays, photodynamic therapy (PDT) that employs photosensitizers (PSs) to generate cytotoxic species under light irradiation for selective destruction of neoplastic lesions has attracted extensive research attention. Despite the significant progress of PDT, its clinical-translation is still hampered by the insufficiency of three essential elements (light, PSs, and oxygen) at tumor sites. Spurred by the current explosion of nanotechnology,...