Middlesex/punctata Event in the Rhenish Basin (Padberg section, Sauerland, Germany) – Geochemical clues to the early-middle Frasnian perturbation of global carbon cycle

A positive carbon stable isotope excursion of about 3‰ is documented in the topmost lower Frasnian at Padberg, eastern Rhenish Massif, as a muted record of the worldwide early−middle Frasnian isotopic perturbation (punctata Event; up to 6–8‰ shift in both δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg elsewhere), comparable with the Appalachian δ13C curve. This German isotopic signature occurs in a 12 m thick calciturbidite succession and correlates well with the...