<p>GPR30 Promotes the Phenotypic Switching of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Activating the AKT and ERK Pathways</p>

Lower extremity varicose veins (LEVVs) are a common venous disorder of venous dilation and tortuosity. The functional integrity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the majority of the cells in venous tissues, and their phenotypic differences play important roles in the occurrence and development of LEVV. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.The expression of estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ and G-protein-coupled receptor 30...