Emission-cost nexus optimisation and performance analysis of downstream oil supply chains

The aim of this study is to develop a novel framework for the optimisation of downstream oil supply chains with emission-cost nexus and performance analysis. A P-graph based model has been developed to support the decisions of the distribution plan in the supply chain. This created the possibility to consider constraints, including the material balance, the sending capacity of refineries and storage depots, and the transport capacity of...