Investigation on meso-debonding process of the sandstone–concrete interface induced by freeze–thaw cycles using NMR technology

Sufficient bonding at concrete–rock interfaces is an important prerequisite when designing supports using concrete or shotcrete. However, the bonding between concrete and rock is often affected by low temperatures in cold regions. This study focuses on the effects that freeze–thaw cycles have on meso-debonding at sandstone–concrete interfaces. The prepared sandstone-concretes composite materials were subjected to freeze–thaw cycles and nuclear...