Effect of X-ray dose rates higher than 8 Gy/min on the functioning of cardiac implantable electronic devices

Direct irradiation may cause malfunctioning of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Therefore, a treatment plan that does not involve direct irradiation of CIEDs should be formulated. However, CIEDs may be directly exposed to radiation because of the sudden intrafractional movement of the patient. The probability of CIED malfunction reportedly depends on the dose rate; however, reports are only limited to dose rates ≤8 Gy/min. The...