Cohort

Proportional hazards model

Pediatrics

Internal medicine

Prospective cohort study

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Confidence interval

Hazard ratio

Medicine

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein

Gastroenterology

Disease

Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation

<h3>Objective</h3> To investigate whether the use of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) could reduce the relapse risk in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-immunoglobulin G (IgG)-associated disorders (MOGADs). <h3>Methods</h3> This prospective observational cohort study included patients with MOGAD at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 1, 2017, and April 30, 2019. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those with (MMF+) or without (MMF−) MMF therapy. The primary outcome was relapse at follow-up. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for relapse. <h3>Results</h3> Seventy-nine patients were included in our MOG cohort. Fifty (63.3%) were adults at index date, and 47 (59.5%) were women. Fifty-four (68.4%) were in the MMF+ group, and 25 (31.6%) were in the MMF− group. Clinical and demographic factors, MOG-IgG titer, and follow-up time (median, 472.5 days for MMF+, 261.0 days for MMF−) were comparable between the groups. Relapse rates were 7.4% (4/54) in the MMF+ group and 44.0% (11/25) in the MMF− group. Of all potential confounders, only the use of MMF was associated with reduced risk of relapse. The HR for relapse among patients in the MMF+ group was 0.14 (95% CI, 0.05–0.45) and was 0.08 (95% CI, 0.02–0.28) in a model adjusted for age, sex, disease course, and MOG-IgG titer. MMF therapy also remained associated with a reduced relapse risk in sensitivity analyses. Only one patient (1.9%) discontinued MMF therapy because of adverse effect. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These findings provide a clinical evidence that MMF immunosuppression therapy may prevent relapse in patients with MOGAD. <h3>Classification of evidence</h3> This study provides class IV evidence that for patients with MOGAD, MMF reduces relapse risk.

Long-term efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders