Internal medicine

Receptor

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor

Disease

Nuclear receptor

Transcription factor

Biology

Gene

Endocrinology

Peroxisome

Energy homeostasis

Insulin resistance

Steatosis

Insulin

Steatohepatitis

Fatty liver

Glucose homeostasis

Lipid metabolism

Biochemistry

Homeostasis

Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, β/δ, and γ modulate lipid homeostasis. PPARα regulates lipid metabolism in the liver, the organ that largely controls whole-body nutrient/energy homeostasis, and its abnormalities may lead to hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, steatofibrosis, and liver cancer. PPARβ/δ promotes fatty acid β-oxidation largely in extrahepatic organs, and PPARγ stores triacylglycerol in adipocytes. Investigations using liver-specific PPAR-disrupted mice have revealed major but distinct contributions of the three PPARs in the liver. This review summarizes the findings of liver-specific PPAR-null mice and discusses the role of PPARs in the liver.

PPARs as Metabolic Regulators in the Liver: Lessons from Liver-Specific PPAR-Null Mice