Stretchable, self-healing and biodegradable water-based heater produced by 3D printing

Common issues when realizing hybrid heaters for articular thermotherapy are the structural stability and limited lifetime when they are subjected to unavoidable mechanical manipulation during practical applications. Therefore, the objective of integrating multi-functionality with reliable performance has been pursued for a long time. To this end, we have designed a novel water-based hybrid heater utilizing a facile 3D printing technology of...