Uncarboxylated osteocalcin decreases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake without affecting insulin signaling and regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis in myotubes

Uncarboxylated osteocalcin (uOC) is a circulating bone matrix protein, which has previously been shown to regulate glucose uptake and systemic metabolism. However, the cellular mechanism by which uOC acts has yet to be elucidated. C2C12 mouse myotubes were treated for 72 h with uOC (1-100 ng/mL). Cellular metabolism was analyzed using oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rate. Metabolic gene and protein expression were measured via...