60 Years of clonal hematopoiesis research: From X-chromosome inactivation studies to the identification of driver mutations

•X-chromosome inactivation analysis in females was the precursor of clonality determination and allowed to demonstrate the unicellular origin of human cancer.•Mutation in several genes such as DNMT3A, ET2 or ASXL1 occurs in blood cells of aging individuals, lead to clonal expansion, is compatible with normal blood counts but predispose to hematological cancers or cardiovascular disease.•Clonal Hematopoiesis has a modest genetic predisposition...