Comparative Effects of LAMA-LABA-ICS vs LAMA-LABA for COPD

Background Triple therapy combinations of a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), a long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA), and an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) for COPD were studied in randomized trials and observational studies, with variable results. We compared the effectiveness and safety of triple therapy with a LAMA-LABA combination in a real-world clinical practice setting. Methods We identified a cohort of patients with COPD during 2002...