Mechanotransduction

Cell biology

Engineering

Neuroscience

Biology

Materials science

Receptor

Biochemistry

Mechanical engineering

Thermodynamics

Physics

Actin

Nanotechnology

Membrane

Work (physics)

Cell membrane

Chemistry

Cell

Pseudopodia

Biophysics

Ion channel

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Blebs and pseudopods can both power cell migration, with blebs often favored in tissues, where cells encounter increased mechanical resistance. To investigate how migrating cells detect and respond to mechanical forces, we used a "cell squasher" to apply uniaxial pressure to Dictyostelium cells chemotaxing under soft agarose. As little as 100 Pa causes a rapid (<10 s), sustained shift to movement with blebs rather than pseudopods. Cells are flattened under load and lose volume; the actin cytoskeleton is reorganized, with myosin II recruited to the cortex, which may pressurize the cytoplasm for blebbing. The transition to bleb-driven motility requires extracellular calcium and is accompanied by increased cytosolic calcium. It is largely abrogated in cells lacking the Piezo stretch-operated channel; under load, these cells persist in using pseudopods and chemotax poorly. We propose that migrating cells sense pressure through Piezo, which mediates calcium influx, directing movement with blebs instead of pseudopods.

Pressure sensing through Piezo channels controls whether cells migrate with blebs or pseudopods