Early Definitive Care Is as Effective as Staged Treatment Protocols for Open Ankle Fractures Caused by Rotational Mechanisms: A Retrospective Case–Control Study

Objectives: To compare immediate internal fixation with primary wound closure to temporary fixation/stabilization with delayed fixation and wound closure protocols for management of open ankle fractures. Design: Retrospective case–control study. Setting: Level 1 trauma center. Patients: Eighty-eight consecutive patients who presented with a Gustilo–Anderson type I, II, or IIIa open ankle fracture to a single center. Intervention: Patients were...