Electrical engineering

Fabrication

Pathology

Nanotechnology

Energy conversion efficiency

Organic solar cell

Engineering

Active layer

Materials science

Alternative medicine

Layer (electronics)

Photovoltaic system

Polymer solar cell

Photoactive layer

Optoelectronics

Medicine

Thin-film transistor

Joule

The layer-by-layer (LbL) strategy exhibits unique advantages of combining the merits of high photo-absorption rate, suitable vertical phase separation, and good practicability, endowing the LbL-bladed devices with a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.35% compared to the bulk heterojunction (BHJ)-bladed device (15.37%). Importantly, this LbL approach can effectively reduce the scaling lag of module efficiency. An LbL-bladed solar module with a geometrical fill factor of over 90% exhibited an outstanding PCE of 11.86%.

A Layer-by-Layer Architecture for Printable Organic Solar Cells Overcoming the Scaling Lag of Module Efficiency