Spectral line

Quantum mechanics

Cosmic ray

Nuclear physics

Particle physics

Hadron

Extrapolation

Observable

Physics

Mathematics

Astronomy

Annihilation

Event generator

Mathematical analysis

Air shower

Large Hadron Collider

Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

We present a new version of the hadron interaction event generator Sibyll. While the core ideas of the model have been preserved, the new version handles the production of baryon pairs and leading particles in a new way. In addition, production of charmed hadrons is included. Updates to the model are informed by high-precision measurements of the total and inelastic cross sections with the forward detectors at the LHC that constrain the extrapolation to ultra-high energy. Minimum-bias measurements of particle spectra and multiplicities support the tuning of fragmentation parameters. This paper demonstrates the impact of these changes on air shower observables such as $X_{\rm max}$ and $N_\mu$, drawing comparisons with other contemporary cosmic ray interaction models.

Hadronic interaction model sibyll 2.3d and extensive air showers