Adaptive mesh refinement schemes for the localizing gradient damage method based on biquadratic-bilinear coupled-field elements

In the present work, adaptive h-refinement schemes are developed for the localizing gradient damage method. In general, the existing adaptive refinement schemes have been developed using the bilinear quadrilateral (Q4) elements for the weakly coupled systems such as XFEM and Phase field method. In contrast to this, the presently developed refinement schemes are designed for simultaneous refinement of the strongly coupled biquadratic serendipity...