Quantum mechanics

Metallurgy

Materials science

Effective mass (spring–mass system)

Thermal conductivity

Thermoelectric effect

Thermoelectric materials

Thermodynamics

Physics

Electron mobility

Alloy

Doping

Condensed matter physics

Spark plasma sintering

Composite material

Figure of merit

Sintering

Ingot

Optoelectronics

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

The Bi2Te3-based alloys have been commercialized for the applications of energy harvesting and refrigeration for decades. However, the commercial Bi2Te3-based alloys produced by the zone-melting (ZM) method usually show poor mechanical strength and crack problems as well as the sluggish figure of merit ZT, especially for the less-progressed n-type samples. In this work, we have simultaneously enhanced the thermoelectric and mechanical performance of the one-step spark plasma sintering (SPS)-derived n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 alloys just by doping a small amount of superconducting material MgB2 where Mg and B atoms can play significant roles in carrier density optimization and hardness enhancement. Besides the optimization of carrier density, the MgB2 doping can also increase the carrier mobility but decrease the lattice and bipolar thermal conductivity, leading to a peak ZT of 0.96 at 325 K and an average ZT of 0.88 within 300–500 K in the 0.5% MgB2-doped Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 (BTSMB) alloys. The peak ZT and average ZT of our optimized BTSMB samples are comparable and higher than those of the state-of-the-art commercial ZM ingot. Moreover, the optimized BTSMB sample also exhibits almost 70% enhancement in hardness compared with the ZM ingot. Our results demonstrate the great potential of the MgB2 doping strategy for mass production of SPS-derived Bi2Te3-based alloys in one-step sintering.

Simultaneous Enhancement of the Thermoelectric and Mechanical Performance in One-Step Sintered n-Type Bi2Te3-Based Alloys via a Facile MgB2 Doping Strategy