Recent approaches to improve Nafion performance for fuel cell applications: A review

Among various polymeric materials applied as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) for fuel cells, Nafion is known as a standard polymer so that any new material needs to be compared with it. However, low proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions at elevated temperatures due to water evaporation and consequent need for water management, and its low tolerance for fuel impurities still remain as Nafion's major shortcomings. Development of new...