Genotypic and Phenotypic Differences between Celiac Disease and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: A Systematic Review of Literature

Purpose: Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) and celiac disease (CD) are separate entities, but distinguishing between the two represents a challenge to providers and patients. Current consensus definition of NCGS requires the exclusion of CD and wheat allergy, and a double-blind placebo-controlled gluten challenge. This task is impractical in most health clinics. Even though the actual prevalence of NCGS in the United States is unknown,...