Characterisation and optimisation of wrinkling during the forming of tufted three-dimensional composite preforms

The present paper aims to quantify and optimise the textile reinforcements forming with a complex structure, in particular, the through-thickness reinforcements by tufting. To optimize the forming process, different tufting locations and patterns are used and compared to each other. To quantify and evaluate the forming process, in particular, the wrinkling phenomenon, a Structure from Motion (SFM) based image analysis methodology is proposed....